Cerebellum Prolapse
A prolapsed cerebellum (or cerebellar hernia) is a condition in which the cerebellum (cerebellum) in the lower part of the brain shifts downwards from its normal position and begins to pass through narrow spaces such as the foramen magnum (the opening through which the spinal cord connects with the brain). This creates pressure between the brain and spinal cord and can lead to serious health problems.
Prolapsed cerebellum can be congenital or acquired. The cerebellum is a structure located at the back of the brain that controls the movements of the body and plays an important role in maintaining balance.
Types of Cerebellum Prolapse
Chiari Malformation (Chiari Type I and II):
- Chiari Type I Malformation: The cerebellum is located lower than normal and hangs down towards the spinal cord. This leads to pressure in the channels between the brain and the spinal cord. Symptoms usually appear in adolescence or young adulthood.
Chiari Type II Malformation: In this type, the connection between the cerebellum and spinal cord is more prominent. It is usually congenital and refers to a more serious condition. It is most commonly associated with congenital defects such as spina bifida.
Causes of Cerebellum Prolapse
Cerebellum prolapse may develop due to the following factors:
- Congenital Conditions: Some congenital structural abnormalities, such as Chiari malformation, can cause the cerebellum to sag from its normal place.
- Trauma: Serious blows or trauma to the head can cause the cerebellum to sag.
- Pressure Changes in the Brain and Spinal Cord: Disturbances in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (e.g. hydrocephalus) can put pressure on the cerebellum and lead to a prolapsed cerebellum.
- Ageing and Degenerative Diseases: Changes in brain tissue with age and structural changes in the spinal canal can also cause cerebellum prolapse.
Symptoms of Cerebellum Prolapse
Symptoms of cerebellar prolapse may vary depending on the condition and the severity of the prolapse. Common symptoms include:
- Headache: A prolapsed cerebellum usually begins with a headache. These headaches may be concentrated in the back of the head and may increase with coughing, sneezing or changing position suddenly.
- Balance Problems: Since the main function of the cerebellum is to maintain balance, cerebellum prolapse can lead to balance problems (ataxia) and loss of coordination. Difficulty in walking and tendency to fall are common complaints.
- Muscle Weakness: The nerves in the areas connected to the spinal cord may be under pressure, which may cause muscle weakness and restriction of movement in the body.
- Mental Status Changes: Prolapsed cerebellum can lead to memory disorders or thinking difficulties due to pressure on the brain.
- Swallowing Difficulties (Dysphagia): Cerebellum prolapse can cause difficulty in swallowing.
Insomnia and Fatigue: Impairment of cerebellum functions can affect sleep patterns and cause a feeling of fatigue. - Neck pain and stiffness: Headaches and muscle spasms can also cause pain and stiffness in the neck area.
Things to Know About Cerebellum Prolapse Surgery
Cerebellar prolapse is a condition that can trigger serious neurological problems. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help control symptoms and improve patients’ quality of life. If cerebellum prolapse has reached a serious level and is causing pressure on the spinal cord or brain, surgical intervention may be required.
- Decompressive Craniectomy: Removal of part of the skull to reduce pressure on brain tissue.
Foramen Magnum Decompression: enlargement of the area where the spinal cord connects to the brain to treat cerebellar prolapse. - Shunt Placement: In order to regulate the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, a shunt can be inserted to prevent fluid accumulation.
Operation Duration | Anaesthesia | Hospitalisation | Recovery Time | Return to Work |
1-6 Hours | General Anaesthesia | 5 Days | 3 Weeks | 15 Days |